Risk Factors

• Smoking
• Diabetes
• High blood pressure (140/90 mmHg or higher)
• Obesity (body mass index > 30)
• High cholesterol (total blood cholesterol > 240 mg % or 6.2 millimoles/ litre)
• Increasing age > 50 years.
• A family history of heart disease or stroke or PAD.
• High levels of homocysteine, a protein that helps build and maintain tissue.